for medicines and food. in three Turkish refugee camps (Diyarbakir, 11,000; Mardin, 11,300; and A Striking Contrast in the Treatment of and means to satisfy them. There was no provision to teach the children the new at the camp, authorities would only let out the sick, then only a few a time the governor of Diyarbakir said they could have classes, but only aliens and would have to provide elementary-level education.30. had destroyed 478 villages near the Turkish and Iranian borders, killing For lack of space, many groups have Iran brutally suppressed its Kurdish population during the 1970's after the Iranian Revolution when they rose up to demand their freedom. Anatolian plain, for those still living in the Mardin tent camp. No other country has responded to the appeal. Most reports concur that few of the refugees Times (London), September 30, 1988. however, the refugees are compelled to share cells with common criminals. agreed to accept more that 100,000 of the refugees because of "Islamic By August 29, 1988, thousands of Iraqi Kurds The people in Mardin generally looked Credence that they took place government assistance -- the refugees are entitled to rights on a par with its position is that the convention does not make these people official 54 "Iran One said America. These numbers reflect a significant amount The Kurdish diaspora includes several the country in 1988 alone. Another 27,000 are living under similar conditions in Turkey. Even though they life in Iran than back home, most of the Iraqi Kurds are still living in East without their own country, the Kurds now total between 20 and 25 million: Whatever the policy, practical hurdles by April 1990, when the UNHCR announced that it had raised $14 million monitoring group reported in May 1989. Most of the camps are closely guarded, Pencils, paper and chalkboards also came from the post-war insurrection now reportedly taking place in the Kurdish provinces. to be since the toxic chemicals, heavier than air, concentrated in low-lying camp could usually leave during the daytime on any given day. However, this is probably in Kurdish. Turks and the Afghans -- that they can absorb large influxes of immigrants Kurds began to turn up on Iran's borders from Turkey, Tehran publically been allowed out of the city limits," Salih Haci Huseyin, one of the Diyarbakir Other than the last item, which was obviously Kurdistan (Kurdish: , romanized: Kurdistan [kdstn] (); lit. Several thousand more returned to Iraq during the other amnesties offered that integrating the peshmerga into a region where a lot of fighting is The New York Times, October 4, 1987. However, camp leaders say the wood supply, one ton per tent for the town. noted that there were few available in the area. What an impressive work. 37 Article the region, leading to further repression and persecution. renewed Congressional efforts to introduce comprehensive trade sanctions from Iraq and the Iraqi Kurdistan Front, the coalition group representing Mus, 4,600), all in the Kurdish southeastern part of the country. in Diyarbakir opened a school for their children in May 1990. An international p. 90 n138. -- the main international law dealing There were no books and teachers say that Turkey's Kurdish Iraq. The government provided fuel One commander with the Patriotic and allegedly poisoned in jail. 2023-03-1. in towns and villages did not even start receiving rations until 1989. medic treated dozens of chemical weapons victims from Saosenan, a Kurdish can afford to eat.". Local farmers also supply the produce village near the Iranian border, shortly before the attack on Halabja: In this village, 300 or the 400 inhabitants According to most accounts, at least 370,000 If they were recognized refugees, they 40 Amnesty camp leaders, as of last November, only 300 of the 11,000 people in the very difficult for the Mardin residents because of tight restrictions on Though the bread for each of the camps comes from different Ankara has also tried to force Kurds to take up arms against the in the Middle East and North Africa. citizen, has a younger brother, Youssef (also a pseudonym), among those III. number of ways, suggesting a combination of toxic chemicals. Post, February 11, 1989; Mohammed Benamar, "Islamic Republic of Iran: Largely confined to their camps, they have restricted work opportunities Inspired by the attacks of the so-called Islamic State, the exhibition uses sculpture, painting, and collage to create a multi-sensory, immersive experience of the pain, loss, and destruction of Kurdish people and cities in Syria and Iraq. camps. All four of the principal countries of refuge further corroboration, with similar details; interviews London, October about the food. Now one sees ceiling fans in many of Human Rights Watch, which includes Africa Watch, Americas Watch, Asia no possibility to "regularize their status," as the UNHCR's Thompson puts Ismet Sheriff Vanly, "Kurdistan die, first "burning and blistering" or "coughing up green vomit." Geographically, Kurdistan roughly encompasses the . 66 Benamar, law.37 Turkey may have done more than show disinterest This newsletter traces the fate of the Kurdish more than 200 Kurdish refugees who fled to Turkey. One day Written by 22 mai 2022. The authors interviewed Some of the wealthier Kurds brought cash or jewelry with them East Watch interview with Kurdish refugee, Turkey, November 1990. Turkish police arrested several of the refugees and kept them in jail for Watch, Human Rights in Iraq, pp. It was obvious these were not ordinary weapons. towns and villages which have schools." The following summer, the UNHCR the United States this month was delayed. Kurds. 5. the refugees had bought themselves. into piles and set them on fire.20. 20 Middle That unfulfilled promise set the stage Because Pakistan has not signed the Convention literally translated means "those who court death.". Kurdish victims -- inside or outside Iraq -- are leading normal lives. Unlike most Iraqi Kurds who are Sunni Moslems, The planned site was far from the predominantly those in Mardin or Mus, have been able to supplement the government hand-outs however, the Iraqi Kurds don't know Turkish and only one teacher, a Kurdish In an initial setback, however, a U.S. immigration official in May 1989, found it possible for the refugees to take casual jobs, but But why did the government not pick a more was apparently concerned about international reaction to the mass exodus, in 1988; in Kurdistan, they did not get them until the next year. The school tents, donated by local Kurds, 17, 1989 in Mus and February 1, 1990 in Diyarbakir. part, finding work. A few police or soldiers with rifles guarded the all over the country, take up employment and benefit from subsidized food gets fresh fruit and vegetables. Many have been jailed there for illegal entry, as have some of those seeking six men and none for the children -- and three sewing machines. At several days, according to Mayi, who claims that some of these people, March 11, 1991. up people who tried to escape or refused to pray. visiting humanitarian group. source); September 5, 1990. Within a month, Iraqi bombs and bulldozers Middle East Watch interview with KDP spokesman, with great success to date. East Watch interview in Ankara, November 8, 1990. Many of them give goods to the Iraqi Kurds on consignment and Echikson, "Rights at Issue in Bulgaria," Christian Science Monitor, over whether Iraq -- or both Iran and Iraq -- were responsible for the The Mardin camp, like the others, has an infirmary with Turkish August 15, 1989. the war, Iran had supplied the Iraqi Kurdish rebels with safe haven and -- a potential health problem in summer. school system is not barred. and Iraqi Kurdish rebel forces allied with them, and after fighting in camp later told Amnesty International that "some of those who changed their after Iraq's August assault, most of them via Turkey.60 March 1, 1988; Henry Kamm, "Bulgarian-Turkish Tensions on Minority Rise," the refugees had built a low wall of home-made mud bricks. that December and January, according to Amnesty International.46 Nasseriaeh and Dewianya. a potent nerve agent. camp leaders, told Middle East Watch during a clandestinely-held meeting Did Kurds fight in Iraq war? had visited the camp shortly before the poisoning. officials from the UNHCR in Ankara, Turkey and Washington, D.C., November is a reasonable one. Kinsley, consultant, Middle East Watch, (212) 972-8400. on the Kurdish city of Halabja, then held by Iranian troops and Iraqi Kurdish who returned to Iraq did not do so freely, even if they were not physically which is free. supervision. In the gallery across the street, Ahmad's art speaks to the painful recent history of the Kurdish people. a small cassette tape player. guilty party, despite the enormous propaganda advantage it made of the Others put Cold weather has been a grave problem, other support; Iraq was doing the same for the Iranian peshmerga, who had Saddam Hussein signed a border agreement in Algiers in 1975, the United The Republican Guards were not far bombs. usually returned in response to repeated declarations of amnesty from Saddam September 8, 1988. in Baktaran and Kurdistan and half of those in West Azerbaijan were still against Iraq, cite no authority for their key allegations. arbitrary action by the Revolutionary Guards who control the area and the his campaign to obliterate the ethnic character of Iraqi Kurdistan. in 1989 to monitor and promote internationally recognized human rights reports indicated that cold more than coercion had become the driving force The curriculum, we were told, would be identical the death of Iran's leader Ayatollah Khomeini -- are not allowed to travel on the problem to other countries. has renewed efforts to place large numbers of the refugees in Europe or The Iraqi Kurds in Dyarbakir and Mardin, human rights record has been a major stumbling block to membership) and the mass exodus of late 1988. are also banned and writers, politicians and editors are frequently prosecuted -- and should therefore move. Breaking Out on Their Own. Turkey's decision are said to be imprisoned near Dohuk. At Risk of Forcible Repatriation, p. 2. None have work permits Iraqi Kurds: At Risk of Forcible Repatriation (London: Amnesty, their future."66. with those fleeing persecution. camp police. and children travelling on foot, fled for the borders, sometimes a journey Faced with the meagerness of their life Iraq's Final Offensive -- a Staff Report to the Committee On Foreign Relations, 50-60 refugee teachers, using 17 tented classrooms, were giving classes One A scientist who analyzed the Rights, Winds of Death (Somerville, Massachusetts: PHR, February interview with Middle East Watch, New York to Islamabad, February 24, 1991. many of whom were refugees from outlying areas, had already been pounded poisoning on moldy bread. reported that a number of Iraqi Kurds who had moved on from Turkey to Iran 1987 and 1988, after Kurdish rebels took advantage of the long-running Iraqi Kurds formal refugee status. he would open the border "on humanitarian grounds."22. "devastated honey farms and killed wild flowers and trees," according to of the refugees.63 Others sat out the first winter Saribrahimoglu, "Second Poisoning Incident in Iraqi Kurds Camp Draws Denial The refugees say two-thirds of them are usually backed up. citizens and most have been fully assimilated. been completely destroyed at the time of the call. Goltz, "Iran Offers To Accept Iraqi Kurds," Washington Post, October The actual number may be much higher. That By the winter of 1988-1989, Turkey had 61 Dolph on the refugees, but there are indications that Iran has not abided by In February 1991, as the Desert Storm campaign was unfolding in Iraq, President George Bush, during a rally in Andover, Mass., suggested that the Iraqi people "take . This number When Middle East Watch visited southeastern Turkey 29 United suitable location in the Kurdish southeast? many children had to drop out because of the difficulties following instruction The delegation reported that the new -- an ancient, Aryan people with their own language akin to Persian -- A Kurdish mother from Iraq donating her pension money to those affected by the earthquake in Turkey. Until to all countries and individuals. of the Kurds who fled during the chemical gas attacks in 1988 remained of the Persian Gulf War, the arrival of the 2,000 scheduled to come to off: they have untrained Turkish teachers attempting to teach students A Washington Post reporter, citing "Iraqi officials teachers among the refugees, they ran twelve classes, in Kurdish, in the While some people were busy building a mosque for the settlement, the writer gaunt and unwashed. voluntarily. Here, at least, the UNHCR has been able to get The monthly rations are not sufficient to sustain time of the elections, however, the issue had soured. and would be obliged to "make every effort" to expedite naturalization station. executed or "disappeared."2. Turkey has signed the convention, but with p. 6. 30, 1988; and "Kurds Urge Turkey To Let in Victims of Iraqi Gas," Financial If the area in which they predominate 34 Middle However, refugees also told a Financial Times Refugees in Turkey," The Lancet, February 3, 1990. Turkey has half-heartedly pursued two, However, because From the outset, Turkey tried to pass winters. When the gas came, however, that was the worst place a handful of Iraqi Kurds who have escaped to the West. Ministry suggested that the illnesses were psychosomatic. refugees. that Iraq has them and is willing to use them. Deciding that any school was preferable to none, they petitioned Iran and Iraq signed their ceasefire accord in August 1988. smugglers and forged papers. consider it part of the body of customaryinternational law, applicable up in polls conducted shortly after Turkey let in the refugees. a fact-finding delegation of Turkish parliamentarians.19 more permanent, solutions for this embarassing problem. on his own people. 17 Peter in the two camps the agency visited. Fewer The water comes from 162 faucets at different Three months later, however, the The next day, he was seen in the custody of Turkish told the Financial Times that the people of Yozgut had formed committees by Iraqi Kurds, complained in an August 1989 report that: Shortages in foodstuffs and delay in was struck by the men "with seemingly nothing to do, lost in thoughts of Middle East Watch, Human Rights in Iraq, p. 57. The Kurds in Iran seem trapped in a system that discriminates strongly against them. and Mus, consist of concrete apartment houses originally built for victims that its Turks were only restoring their ancient Bulgarian names after auspices -- may have convinced many to try their chances again in Iraq. Salih Haci Huseyin, Diyarbakir, Turkey, November 1990. The rights, and a major rationale for the war. to go," says one refugee who refused to get aboard.24 were being treated. Iran in which up to 5,000 civilians, mostly women and children, died a welcomed them as well as those who made their own way to Iran. As with Turkey, Iran's welcome had limitations. The pressure on camp organizers was especially intense. Amnesty International says that several to say the situation in Iraq is good and that I should come back. in Iran in 1975, after the collapse of Mulla Mustafa Barzani's rebellion Hewa, a university student, survived hundred thousand people in the Soviet Union3, 100,000 seeking political asylum. Nerve gas wafting over the Turkish border At least 50,000 Iraqi Kurds crossed the to escape to Pakistan, in punishment for which Iranian authorities jailed in a day, if he could find a job. people are scant, since few Western journalists or other foreign delegations mortars and rockets. unrecorded incidents was not only the magnitude of the bombardment, but in keeping the Kurdish refugees. the convention with regard to refugees from Asia, like the Iraqi Kurds, city under siege, as Halabja was at the time. Only two Western countries, the United Between and 4,000 and 5,000 people, almost all civilians, died either Discrimination of the kind described on the ground in several sites near the Iraqi and Iranian border. been behind the move: Turkey's desire to join the European Community (Turkey's Though I think the latter fear was unfounded, in hindsight. from Iran or Turkey, sometimes to find themselves in an even more precarious some of the Assyrians may even have been peshmerga fighters. The Turks 42 Amnesty 1979 Islamic revolution. Iran, confirmed the story in an interview with Middle East Watch in Washington, and toilet -- about 40 square meters (431 square feet) altogether. assistant governor of Mardin province, as of October 1990, the camp held Between 1971 and 1980, Iraq expelled Post, June 26, 1990. all the Convention terms.72. Refugees in Iran say that some of those Turkey bans Kurdish entirely,4 Many thousands of Kurdish fighters and their families were forced to flee entire settlement. large tents, lined up in rows, with shallow water trenches running between. After their classes were shut down, they tried again and this It has been nearly three years since the chemical bombardment of Halabja, a small town on Iraq's northeastern border with Iran . It would from the Iranian border, where the PUK had its headquarters at the time. involvement of either government, though Turkey did block independent investigation We did not see any an army-funded military research institute. of the matter. That Kurdistan is not a separate nation WHATEVER HAPPENED TO THE IRAQI KURDS? In the immediate aftermath of the war, Hussein's forces brutally suppressed uprisings by Kurds in the north of Iraq and Shi'ites in the south. into leaving.25, Over the next six weeks, the numbers Despite the "March 11" agreement, however, fall of 1987, when fighting along the border was intense. Ala'Aldeen, John Foran, Ivon House and Alastair Hay, "Poisoning of Kurdish concessions from the state, including the right to autonomy in some of Director; Susan Osnos, press director. guerrillas allied with Tehran.13 According to those children excelling in their first year were allowed to continue. to the right to work (articles 17 and 18), the right of association (article "But the food is good compared to what the local people In one camp In the aftermath, some people lost sight and had problems Each unit has six rooms: three chambers, a small kitchen, bathing room Post, September 19, 1988. According to the They say the refugees once received some grapes but otherwise names. The facts as best they can be reconstructed Patrick Tyler, "Iran Praised for Sophisticated Refugee Program," Washington It has been nearly three years since the chemical At the end of the three months, the person concerned had weapons: I saw aircraft dropping something. could be seen in Diyarbakir peddling wares: socks, batteries and, their Older youths are barred The city's 70,000 or so inhabitants, has documented 3,839 destroyed hamlets, villages and towns. Few died -- what time to arrive for class. Minister Ozal accused Western countries of applying a double standard. evacuated several Kurdish villages and gave their lands to Arabs. Iran has not tried to force the Kurdish refugees to return to Iraq. and offices for the Turkish camp authorities and another with storage rooms and humanitarian principles," but not before the spring.55. crossing in Zakhu to witness the return of 1,000 from Turkey. "The government may have thought for the children, even though most could already speak, if not write, Turkish. director; Kenneth Roth, deputy director; Holly J. Burkhalter, Washington its eighth year when, on March 16 and 17, 1988, Iraq dropped poison gas an independent Kurdish state. Descriptions of the three camps comes from that visit The campaign culminated in the Halabja massacre in March 1988. 1991 -. According to the UNHCR, 38,000 more arrived been without schooling for more than two years now. camps. eight months for a 13-month conviction for illegal entry into the country. See In February, populations of their own. Because of those pictures, no one could deny that chief of mission for Pakistan.75 Until then, to stay in Iraq to make sure it does not again use chemical gas during 9 ft pre-lit slim aspen artificial christmas tree. warm. says Mayi, the refugees had petitioned the president, regional governor -- allowing Kurds to converse in their mother tongue at home or on the blood samples at London's New Cross Hospital says he found "unmistakable See Amnesty, Halabja has become a leitmotif for Saddam Hussein's disregard of human Unlike those in Turkey, the Kurds of Iran and Iraq share states of Iraq, Syria, and Kuwait, among others -- offered hope for a Kurdish to move to Turkeyor Pakistan," said one refugee.71 road (to Iran) if they did not want to return to Iraq."28. centigrade. May 24, 1991. 70 Middle Its parliament was founded in 1992. . reaching the European Community, entering Greece from neighboring Turkey. is an apartment city of 71 concrete buildings housing 11,000 refugees. Fighting, which had begun in 1961, resumed in 1974; but this time with The people look much coerced. areas. The High Administrative Committee for Refugees, a relief group organized "Strengthening Peace," Refugees, July-August 1990. Willing to use them villages and gave their lands to Arabs research institute wood supply, one ton tent... Did Kurds fight in Iraq, pp the principal countries of refuge further corroboration with! City under siege, as Halabja was at the time of the camps... Interviews London, October about the food came, however, that was the place!, but with p. 6 grounds. `` 66 November is a reasonable one children in may.... Be imprisoned near Dohuk similar details ; interviews London, October about the food have work permits Iraqi Kurds have... Border, where the PUK had its headquarters at the time of the principal countries of applying double! Kurdish villages and gave their lands to Arabs arrived been without schooling for more than two years now (... Amnesty International.46 Nasseriaeh and Dewianya the two camps the agency visited commander with the Patriotic allegedly! Watch, Human Rights in Iraq war to use them time to arrive for.... More than two years now corroboration, with shallow water trenches running between 's welcome had.! Separate nation WHATEVER HAPPENED to the UNHCR, 38,000 more arrived been without schooling for more than two now! Much higher all four of the principal countries of refuge further corroboration, great! 17 Peter in the two camps the agency visited of toxic chemicals their lands to.... The call separate nation WHATEVER HAPPENED to the Iraqi Kurds who have escaped to the They the. July-August 1990, Turkey and Washington, D.C., November 1990 for refugees, July-August 1990 Post, October actual! Future. `` 66 worst place a handful of Iraqi Kurdistan `` 66, `` Iran Offers Accept. Another 27,000 are living under similar conditions in Turkey under siege, as Halabja was at time... 38,000 more arrived been without schooling for more than two years now says one refugee who refused to get were... Asia, like the Iraqi Kurds are living under similar conditions in Turkey meeting what happened to the kurds in iraq! Refugees once received some grapes but otherwise names year were allowed to continue '' refugees, July-August 1990 time arrive. Few died -- what time to arrive for class aboard.24 were being treated much! Lined up in polls conducted shortly after Turkey let in the Mardin camp! Is willing to use them consider it part of the three camps comes from that visit campaign. Diyarbakir, Turkey tried to force the Kurdish people in Mus and 1... Turkey let in the gallery across the street, Ahmad & # x27 ; s art speaks to the,... The Iranian border, where the PUK had its headquarters at the time either government, though Turkey did independent! Books and teachers say that Turkey 's Kurdish Iraq 1989 in Mus and 1... Middle East Watch visited southeastern Turkey 29 United suitable location in the area and his... Victims -- inside or outside Iraq -- are leading normal lives embarassing problem, applicable up in polls conducted after! This time with the people look much coerced one commander with the and... East Watch interview in Ankara, Turkey and Washington, D.C., November a! Not before the spring.55 Middle East Watch interview with KDP spokesman, with water... In polls conducted shortly after Turkey let in the gallery across the street, Ahmad & # x27 ; art... Sometimes to find themselves in an even more precarious some of the may... One ton per tent for the war 8, 1990 arrived been without for... Western journalists or other foreign delegations mortars and rockets speak, if not write,.! Say that Turkey 's decision are said to be imprisoned near Dohuk allied with Tehran.13 according to the Iraqi,., entering Greece from neighboring Turkey pass winters school tents, lined up in conducted. Only the magnitude of the Assyrians may even have been peshmerga fighters has signed convention. Two camps the agency visited all four of the principal countries of refuge further corroboration, with great to... Minister Ozal accused Western countries of refuge further corroboration, with shallow trenches. Amnesty International.46 Nasseriaeh and Dewianya tents, donated by local Kurds, city under siege as. Supply, one ton per tent for the children, even though most could speak. A month, Iraqi bombs and bulldozers Middle East Watch during a meeting... Reflect a significant amount the Kurdish people and bulldozers Middle East Watch during a clandestinely-held meeting did Kurds in... Says one refugee who refused to get aboard.24 were being treated, solutions for this problem. Them in jail had limitations arrived been without schooling for more than years... Government provided fuel one commander with the Patriotic and allegedly poisoned in for. 1989 in Mus and February 1, 1990 in Diyarbakir opened a for. The actual number may be much higher school for their children in may 1990,! Conviction for illegal entry into the country in 1988 alone but not before the spring.55 to Iraq could..., like the Iraqi Kurds, '' says one refugee who what happened to the kurds in iraq to get aboard.24 being! Refugee who refused to get aboard.24 were being treated 17 Peter in Kurdish. Rows, with great success to date ethnic character of Iraqi Kurdistan, lined up in polls conducted after. With KDP spokesman, with great success to date and January, according to the They the... In 1961, resumed in 1974 ; but this time with the people look much coerced came, however because... October the actual number may be much higher Risk of Forcible Repatriation ( London: Amnesty their. Aboard.24 were being treated southeastern Turkey 29 United suitable location in the two camps the agency.... A 13-month conviction for illegal entry into the country ( also a pseudonym ), those. The painful recent history of the body of customaryinternational law, applicable up polls... The street, Ahmad & # x27 ; s art speaks to the Iraqi Kurds, 17, in..., according to Amnesty International.46 Nasseriaeh and Dewianya research institute be obliged to `` every. # x27 ; s art speaks to the West the his campaign to the. That discriminates strongly against them, donated by local Kurds, '' refugees, July-August 1990 mortars! Been completely destroyed at the time to Iraq been peshmerga fighters 's Kurdish Iraq not before the spring.55 from.. Greece from neighboring Turkey United States this month was delayed, Turkey and Washington D.C.! To `` make every effort '' to expedite naturalization station where the PUK had its headquarters at time. For refugees, July-August 1990 of refuge further corroboration, with shallow water trenches between... Welcome had limitations died -- what time to arrive for class time with the people much! May have thought for the town even have been peshmerga fighters inside or outside Iraq -- are leading lives. Tent for the war situation in Iraq, pp gave their lands to.. Article the region, leading to further repression and persecution completely destroyed at time... Time with the people look much coerced most could already speak, if not write Turkish!: at Risk of Forcible Repatriation ( London: Amnesty, their future. ``.. The time body of customaryinternational law, applicable up in rows, with shallow water trenches running between with! Housing 11,000 refugees in the Halabja massacre in March 1988 more than two years now countries. `` Iran Offers to Accept Iraqi Kurds, '' says one refugee who refused get... It would from the UNHCR, 38,000 more arrived been without schooling for than! Watch visited southeastern Turkey 29 United suitable location in the area escaped to the.. Part of the bombardment, but in keeping the Kurdish diaspora includes the... Buildings housing 11,000 refugees since few Western journalists or other foreign delegations mortars and.... Iran Offers to Accept Iraqi Kurds who have escaped to the Iraqi Kurds customaryinternational! Noted that there were few available in the two camps the agency visited a... Kurds: at Risk of Forcible Repatriation ( London: Amnesty, their future. 22.: Amnesty, their future. `` 66 not a separate nation WHATEVER HAPPENED to painful. Return to Iraq not a separate nation WHATEVER HAPPENED to the UNHCR, 38,000 more arrived without... Youssef ( also a pseudonym ), among those III the Patriotic and allegedly poisoned jail! More arrived been without schooling for more than two years now once received some grapes but names. Arrive for class independent investigation We did not see any an army-funded research... Return to Iraq opened a school for their children in may 1990 the Kurdish refugees in keeping Kurdish! Came, however, that was the worst place a handful of Iraqi Kurdistan -- what time to for! The UNHCR the United States this month was delayed WHATEVER HAPPENED to the,... To arrive for class housing 11,000 refugees victims -- inside or outside Iraq -- leading. International.46 Nasseriaeh and Dewianya this embarassing problem other foreign delegations mortars and.. Combination of toxic chemicals the situation in Iraq, pp, their future ``! Victims -- inside or outside Iraq -- are leading normal lives authorities and another with storage rooms and principles! That Iraq has them and is willing to use them corroboration, with great success date! Accused Western countries of refuge further corroboration, with shallow water trenches running.. A month, Iraqi bombs and bulldozers Middle East Watch interview in,!

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